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Psychological principles permeate advertising, marketing, television, movies, sales,
self-help books, fashion, politics, and folk wisdom, to name a few, but students are often unaware of
this influence. Pointing out this influence is a good way to keep your students’ interest. For
example, the concept of “psychological stress,” so prevalent in our cultural landscape, was rarely
mentioned 50 years ago.
5. Ask your students how many of them believe in determinism. Then ask them how many of them
believe in free will. Insist that they cannot have it both ways. You will be surprised to find that
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CHAPTER 1: THE SCIENCE OF PSYCHOLOGY IN YOUR LIFE
many, if not most, students believe in free will. This is a terrific discussion starter, because it
conflicts with one of the fundamental assumptions of science and psychology, determinism. You
might ask your students what science can hope to reveal if the world is not determined. You might
also suggest that what feels like free will to us may be thinly disguised determinism. This simple
discussion is often enough to change the manner in which students view themselves and the
manner in which they view those around them.
SUPPLEMENTAL LECTURE MATERIAL
Clinical Psychology versus Psychiatry
Because clinical psychology, a subfield of psychology, and psychiatry are both professions that deal with
matters of mind and behavior, the public often confuses them. The major distinction is in the type of
advanced training received in each profession. Psychiatry is a medical specialty requiring an M.D. and
additional study, while clinical psychology is considered part of an academic discipline that requires a
Ph.D. from
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