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PLEMENTAL LECTURE MATERIAL
Fallacies in the Use of Language
We often have lapses in critical thinking as we speak and write. A fallacy is a plausible argument
that rests on invalid or false inferences. Fallacies are often used unintentionally, but they may be
used intentionally when an effort is being made to influence the listener or reader.
. “If you know about BMW, you either own one or you want one.”
Is there anything wrong with this statement? If so, what is wrong with it? It is an example of the
false alternative fallacy. It is also called dualistic or black-and-white thinking, or bifurcation. This
fallacy occurs when it is presumed that a classification is exclusive or exhaustive. It often takes the
form of overlooking alternatives that exist between two polar opposites. One example of false
alternatives was written by an educator, suggesting that children should begin public school at the
age of four and that high school should end after the eleventh year. “Twelfth grade has become a
bore for able students and a holding tank for the rest.” Given your own abilities for critical thinking,
what are your thoughts on that statement?