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As
an adult, have you ever done likewise to aged people, ignored them as persons because they are
members of an out-group? Have you ever treated a person who was performing a service for
you as if he or she was nothing more than a machine?
A Demonstration of Prejudice
One of the most effective demonstrations of how easily prejudiced attitudes may be formed,
and how arbitrary and illogical they can be, came from a third-grade class in Riceville, Iowa.
The teacher, Jane Elliott, wanted to provide her students from this all-white, rural community
with the experience of prejudice and discrimination in order to draw from it the implications
of its seductive appeal and devastating consequences. She devised a remarkable experiment,
more compelling than many done by professional psychologists.
One day, blue-eyed Ms. Elliott announced to her class of 9-year-olds that brown-eyed people
were more intelligent and better people than those with blue eyes. The blue-eyed children,
although the majority, were simply told that they were inferior and that the brown-eyed
children should therefore be the “ruling class.” Guidelines were laid down so the inferior
group would “keep their place” in the new social order. They were to sit at the back of the
room, stay at the end of the line, use paper cups (instead of the drinking fountains), and so
on. The “superior” students received extra privileges, such as extra recess time for work well
done.
Within minutes the blue-eyed children began to do more poorly on their lessons and became
depressed, sullen, and angry. They described themselves as “sad,” “bad,” “stupid,” “dull,”
“awful,” “hard,” “mean.” One boy said he felt like a “vegetable.” Of the brown-eyed
superiors, the teacher reported, “What had been marvelously cooperative, thoughtful
children became nasty, vicious, discriminating little third-graders . . . it was ghastly.”
To show how arbitrary and irrational prejudice and its rationalizations are, on the next school
day the teacher told the class that she had erred, that it was really the blue-eyed children who
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