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s.
Based on just this minimal information, it would seem that American “whites” and American
“blacks” are people separated by a common language! Psychologist Robert L. Williams feels that
the differences in language can be much subtler than the Black English used on test items on the
chitling test. He and L. Wendell Rivers designed a study to measure the actual effect of this
language gap on IQ scores (1972). They enlisted the aid of African American teachers and graduate
students to translate the instructions of an IQ test into nonstandard English. The test they used was
the Boehm Test of Basic Concepts (BTBC), an IQ test that asks children to mark the picture that
matches a concept of time, space, or quantity. Their participants were 890 African American
children attending either kindergarten or first or second grade. The children were divided into two
groups, and the psychologists controlled for the variables of the scores received on other IQ tests,
age, sex, and grade level. One half was given the standard version of the Boehm and one half was
given the nonstandard version. Results were stated as follows.
“The children who took the nonstandard version scored significantly hi
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