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Critics of intelligence tests claim that one reason that African Americans and other minorities score
lower is that the tests are written in a “foreign” language. The test instructions and questions,
written in “standard” English and testing “standard” concepts, may not make sense to children
who use a different (but not inferior) language to deal with “nonstandard” concepts.
To illustrate the gap between standard English and “black” English, sociologist Adrian Dove
developed the Dove Counterbalance General Intelligence Test (1968), a set of 30 multiple-choice
questions. This test, also known as the “chitling test,” uses “Black English” to test knowledge of
black cultural concepts. For example, could you respond to the following?
Questions:
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CHAPTER 10: INTELLIGENCE AND INTELLIGENCE ASSESSMENT
. What is a “blood”?
. “Bird or yardbird” was the jacket jazz lovers from coast to coast hung on _____?
. Do you know the difference between a “gray” and a “spook”?
Answers:
. A “blood” refers to someone of African American descent.
. Charlie Parker, who spent time in prison, was nicknamed “Bird.”
. “Grays” are pale-faced whites and “spooks” are African American
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