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ed, which, had they been
added, would have bolstered the consistency of the East Asian-European-African IQ gradient.
Sternberg, R. J. (1994). 468 Factor-Analyzed Data Sets: What They Tell Us and Don’t Tell Us About
Human Intelligence. Psychological Science, 5(2), 63–65. Presents a meta-analysis of 468 data sets,
which had used a variety of analytic models and assessment instruments.
Sternberg, R., & Wagner, R. (1989). Individual Differences in Practical Knowledge and Its Acquisitions. In
Learning and Individual Differences: Advances in Theory and Research. New York: W. H. Freeman &
Co, Publishers, 255–278. Examines the distinctions between academic knowledge and practical
knowledge, and discusses the nature and acquisition of practical knowledge, which is defined
as knowledge, and demonstrates the importance of such knowledge for both academic and
everyday life situations.
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PSYCHOLOGY AND LIFE
DISCOVERING PSYCHOLOGY
PROGRAM 16: TESTING AND INTELLIGENCE
Overview
The field of psychological assessment and the efforts of psychologists and other professionals
to assign values to different abilities, behaviors, and personalities.
Key Issues
Psychometrics, racial and cultural bias, intelligence and aptitude tests, the problems with IQ
testing, seven kinds of intelligence, and limitations in testing practical intelligence.
Demonstrations
Racial bias in intelligence and aptitude tests.
Philip Zimbardo examines new tests that propose multiple factors and aspects of intelligence.
Archival Interview
Psychologist William Curtis Banks examines the misuse of intelligence and aptitude testing.
FILMS AND VIDEOS
Eye of the Storm (1971). Xerox Film, 29 minutes
A now classic demonstration of minimal cue differences in creating discrimination by Jane Elliott, a
grade-school teacher in Riceville, Iowa. Arbitrarily designating “blue” and later “brown” eyes as
superior generated remarkable effects on her students. A classic study, well presented.
Generation Upon Generation (1974). TLF, 52 minutes
Examines the complex code of human inheritance—from the experiments of pioneer geneticist
Gregor Mendel to the discoveries of today’s sophisticated laboratories. From The Ascent of Man
series. Good science, but somewhat tedious.
Intelligence (1990). Insight Media, 30 minutes
Graphically demonstrates the differences between the intellectually gifted and the developmentally
delayed individual. Discusses the difficulty in defining intelligence and explains what intelligence
tests are designed to measure. Describes the origins of IQ tests and presents the argument as to
whether the tests measure aptitude or achievement. Addresses the question of whether intelligence
is changeable or fixed.
IQ Testing and the School (1991). Insight Media, 60 minutes
Examines the different tests devised to measure intelligence and achievement, focusing on the
WISC-R, and the issues of reliability and validity. Also explores other factors affecting school
achievement, such as teacher expectations, teaching styles, and class structure. Shows how
students at all levels of ability benefit from a cooperative learning environment. Discusses the needs
of gifted and developmentally delayed children.
Nature/Nurture (1986). NCAU (FFHS), 52 minutes
Looks at different influences on human behavior and how some characteristics are inherited and
others are acquired. Examines a study of identical twins separated at birth to
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