第83章 (第2/3页)
TERIAL
Theories of Emotion
Emotion, as a concept, seems to imply that a person is “changed” or “moved” from one state to another, as
from happy to sad or angry. Emotion consists of several components. They are:
1. The affective component is observed in the reaction of the body. Reactions may take the form of
sweating, trembling, and turning white. This component is a function of the activity of the
autonomic nervous system, preparing your body for action, if action becomes necessary.
2. The cognitive component consists of the thoughts and beliefs that accompany any given emotion.
This component provides a label for what your body is expressing.
3. The facial expression is the look on your face.
4. The reactions to the emotion, such as running from a menacing bear.
These varied components imply that emotion is a multifaceted construct. There are three dominant
traditions or perspectives from which to study emotion. They are, in order of historical appearance:
biological, learning, and cognitive.
Biological/Psychophysical Tradition
This approach is based on Darwin’s theory of evolution, and proposes that the ways in which organisms
express emotion have had survival value in the past. This would imply that dogs snarl when they feel
threatened because snarling itself has been interpreted by other dogs and animals as threatening behavior.
Snarling helped drive off threats and avoid fights. As Darwin proposed, this form of emotional response
has (or had) survival value.
Learning Tradition
This approach is a drive theory perspective. Kenneth Spence divided the study of emotion into motivational
events, and proposed two categories of events. They are:
. Appetitive st
（本章未完，请点击下一页继续阅读）