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T FIGHT OR FLIGHT!
ETC. & COGNITIVE APPRAISAL
Since this model first appeared, some psychologists have suggested that the cognitive component alone may
be both a necessary and sufficient component for the generation of emotion.
The Survival Value of Emotions
Plutchik, a psychologist who has done a great deal of research on emotion, says, “The organic tradition
reminds people of their biological connection to each other, and the survival value of emotions such as guilt,
shame, pity, remorse, gratitude, and empathy.” One could claim the emotions have survival value because
they have survived in the evolutionary process. However, social, political, and economic changes among
humans occur much more rapidly than evolutionary changes, and characteristics that were once adaptive
may cease to be adaptive as the environment changes.
The emotions that Plutchik mentions are related to altruism and cooperation. An individual with these
emotions may be at a disadvantage in competition with an individual who does not have these emotions
and is selfish and without conscience, as ordinary people are often the victims of people with antisocial
personalities. However, if all the members of a group or species were lacking in altruistic emotions, they
would find it difficult to form a cooperative society and might destroy each other.
Stress: Causes and Coping
Stre
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