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lds,” “oughts,” and
“musts” that are controlling their actions and preventing
them from choosing the lives they want
b) RET’s goal is to increase sense of self-worth and potential for
self-actualization
V.Existential-Humanistic Therapies
A. Background
1. Existential crises include problems in everyday living, lack of
meaningful human relationships, and absence of goals or purpose
2. Existential-humanistic philosophy gave rise to the human-potential
movement, which encompassed practices and methods enhancing the
potential of the average human being toward greater levels of
performance and greater richness of experience
B. Client-Centered Therapy
1. Primary goal is to promote healthy psychological growth of the
individual
2. Assumption: All people share the tendency to self-actualize, to reach
their potential
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PSYCHOLOGY AND LIFE
3. Incongruence: a conflict between naturally positive self-image and
negative external criticism. Creates anxiety, unhappiness, and low
self-worth
4. Therapeutic strategy: To recognize, accept, and clarify client’s feelings
in an atmosphere of unconditional positive regard, nonjudgmental
acceptance and respect for the client.
C. Gestalt Therapy
1. Focus on uniting of mind and body to make the person whole
2. Goal of self-awareness by helping clients express pent-up feelings
and unfinished business from past conflicts
VI. Group Therapies:
A. Marital and Family Therapy
1. Couples counseling seeks clarity in communication between partners,
and works to improve the quality of interaction. It is more effective
in resolution of marital problems than individual therapy for only
one partner
2. Family therapy client is the entire nuclear family, with each member
treated as a member of a system of relationships
a) Focus is on altering psychological space between people
b) The interpersonal dynamics of people acting as a unit
c) Most family therapists assume problems brought to therapy
to represent situational difficulties, rather
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