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ituation? One method is
the “sour grapes” approach. “Lucy isn’t so great after all. She is bowlegged and chews with her
mouth open.” The expensive sweater is not practical and the sports car that is so appealing is the
type of car driven by people who are too status-conscious. The group that did not ask you to join
is composed of snobs that you would not want to associate with anyway.
Jenny and Jack are both in danger of failing a course. The instructor gives a take-home exam that
students must sign, declaring that they did not receive help from another person. Both Jenny and
Jack have friends who took the course and made good grades, and who could help them, and
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PSYCHOLOGY AND LIFE
both feel that cheating is wrong. Jenny gives in to temptation and gets help from her friend, gets a
good grade on the final, passes the course, but now she suffers from cognitive dissonance. What
are Jenny’s dissonant cognitions? “I think it is wrong to cheat. I cheated.” How will she reduce
the dissonance? She will probably not feel as strongly about cheating. She may also belittle the
amount of help she got from the friend, telling herself that she did most of the work, and that she
would have passed the course without the help of the friend.
Jack did not succumb to the temptation of getting his friend to help him. He made a poor grade
on the final and failed the course. He may have some dissonance, too. What are Jack’s dissonant
cognitions? “If I had cheated I would have passed the course. I didn’t cheat.” What will he do to
reduce his dissonance? Jack is likely t
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