第73章 (第2/3页)
settings
a) Equity theory proposes that workers are motivated to maintain
fair or equitable relationships with other relevant persons
(i) Workers note their own inputs and outcomes, and
compare them with inputs and outcomes of other
workers
(ii) Satisfaction occurs for Worker A when (Outcome A 梅
Input A = Outcome B 梅 Input B)
(iii) Dissatisfaction for Worker A occurs when (Outcome
A 梅 Input A 1 Outcome B 梅 Input B)
b) Expectancy theory proposes that workers are motivated when
they expect their efforts and performance on the job will result
in desired outcomes. The theory emphasizes three
components:
(i) Expectancy: the perceived likelihood that a worker鈥檚
efforts will result in successful performance
(ii) Valence: the perceived attractiveness of particular
outcomes
(iii) Instrumentality: the perception that performance will
be rewarded
V.A Hierarchy of Needs
A. Maslow posited that the individual鈥檚 basic motives formed A Hierarchy Of Needs, with
needs at each level requiring satisfaction before achieving the next level
1. Biological: Bottom level needs such as hunger and thirst require
satisfaction before other needs can begin operation.
2. Safety: Requirement to attend to protection from danger, need for
security, comfort, and freedom from fear.
3. Attachment: Needs to belong, to affiliate with others,
（本章未完，请点击下一页继续阅读）