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Researchers in this area differ in the criteria by which they measure
successful coping. However, we can say that coping efforts are deemed successful if they:
. Reduce physiological arousal and its indicators such as heart rate
. Permit a quick return to previous life patterns
. Reduce psychological distress, such as anxiety and depression
COPING STYLES
Coping style is an internal coping resource, consisting of a general tendency for a person to deal with a
stressful event in a particular way. Examples of coping styles include:
Avoidance versus Confrontation
Some people meet events head-on, tackling problems directly. Others attempt to minimize the
significance or withdraw from such events, often through alcohol and drugs. Avoiders may not be able
to deal with the possibility of future threats and may fail in their attempts at making efforts to anticipate
and manage subsequent problems. On the other hand, confronters may deal effectively with long-term
threats, although in the short-run they may be more anxious as they deal directly with the stressor.
Type A Behavior
There are coping styles that successfully deal with stress, but that also have an adverse impact on
health. One of them, Type A Behavior, has been associated with heart disease for several years. The
Type A individual was first identified in 1978 and is characterized by aggression, competition,
achievement, time urgency, and hostility. Type A individuals lead fast-track lives. Many of your
students are probably junior Type A’s. They work long hours, are impatient with what they perceive as
slow behavior in others, and often finish other people’s sentences for them. The Type A behavior
syndrome is important because it has been reliably related to the development of coronary artery
disease, as a function of excessive physiological arousal in response to stressful events. Re
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